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Gender Roles & Relations

Results from the International Men and Gender Survey (IMAGES) in Bolivia

At first glance, a high number of Bolivians express progressive views on gender equality.

Both men and women reject the notion that progress on gender equality threatens or undermines men’s position or rights in society. 

According to

83% OF MEN

Disagree or strongly disagree that more rights for women means that men lose out.

85% OF WOMEN

Disagree or strongly disagree that more rights for women means that men lose out.

According to

83% OF MEN

Disagree or strongly disagree that better opportunities for women means worse opportunities for men.

89% OF WOMEN

Disagree or strongly disagree that better opportunities for women means worse opportunities for men.

According to

93% OF MEN

Disagree or strongly disagree that when women work, they are taking jobs away from men.

89% OF WOMEN

Disagree or strongly disagree that when women work, they are taking jobs away from men.

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But many voice more conservative views when asked about men’s and women’s roles at home...

More than half of men and women think that “the most important role for a woman is to take care of her home and cook for the family.”

 

According to
Infographic

53% of Men

think that “the most important role for a woman is to take care of her home and cook for the family.”

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58% of Women

think that “the most important role for a woman is to take care of her home and cook for the family.”

…and who should be able to exercise power in the household.

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Approximately 2 in 5

men and women (22% and 18% respectively) believe that men should have the final word about decisions in the home.”

Some women–raised and socialized in patriarchal environments just like the men– buy into and uphold these rigid gendered roles, at times more fervently than the men themselves.

Women’s degree of support of inequalities at their own detriment shows how deeply these gendered norms can permeate communities. It also exposes how women can assert themselves and hold on to authority in the spaces where they have historically held it.

According to

30% OF WOMEN

agree that “changing diapers, bathing, and feeding kids are the responsibility of the mother, not the father.”

18% of Men

agree that “changing diapers, bathing, and feeding kids are the responsibility of the mother, not the father.”

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2x more women than men

 agree that “women are responsible for avoiding pregnancy.”

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On the other hand, many men defend hypersexuality, heteronormativity, and homophobia as pillars of masculinity…

23% OF MEN

agree or strongly agree that men need sex more than women.”

40% OF MEN

agree or strongly agree that “men are always ready to have sex.”

39% OF MEN

agree or strongly agree that “gay men aren’t ‘real’ men.”

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…and some even justify the use of violence against gay men.

9% OF MEN

agree that physically or verbally attacking a homosexual man would be justified “if they were kissing a man in public.”

9% OF MEN

agree that violence would be justified “if that person were staring at them or wouldn’t stop looking at them.”

16% OF MEN

agree that attacking a gay man would be justified “if they were trying to flirt or seduce them.”

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What about support for women in politics?

Bolivia is known for being the first country in the region, and one of the first in the world, to achieve political parity. Both men and women express support for equal representation of women and men in the Plurinational Legislative Assembly. 

Infographic
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Percentage of men and women who agree or strongly agree with parity in leadership positions

However, many still hold stereotypical ideas about men’s innate leadership abilities.

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Percentage of men and women who agree or strongly agree with the above statements

Key Takeaways

Progress on Gender Equality

There is evidence of movement toward more support for gender equality, but the pathway to change is incomplete and inconsistent. Men’s (and often also women’s) beliefs in gender equality are full of contradiction. Despite progressive change, attitudes around gender norms remain quite conservative.

Men’s Contribution to the Household

They generally report to be very much in favor of gender progress, but only in so much as the roles and power balances in households do not endanger the status quo.

Belief in Gender Stereotypes

There are also indications of buying into stereotypes about the capacities of different genders, demonstrating the need to work on problematize traditional gender roles, nuance the concept of gender,  and continue building awareness of gender norms with an intent to shift them towards equitable norms.

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Men & Caregiving

IMAGES Bolivia Results